Nuclear waste producers must design treatments and packaging adapted to each of their waste families.
Some have a proven solution, the performance and acceptability of which are nationally or even internationally recognized.
For others, due to the specificity of the project (small quantities of waste, specific physical and chemical nature...), proven solutions are scarce or inexistent.
Innovative solutions, either already nuclearized or adapted from conventional industry are sometimes foreseen, but without launching a long and expensive R&D program, it is difficult for a producer to estimate their viability in the short term and for a limited investment.